Cooling Tower

Contents:
What is cooling tower?
Structure of cooling tower
Technical parameters of cooling tower
Installation of cooling tower
How does cooling tower work?
Maintenance of cooling tower
Precautions for the use of cooling tower
Application of cooling tower
How to choose cooling tower?
How to order cooling tower?

Cooling tower is the use of water as a circulating coolant, from a system to absorb heat discharge to the atmosphere, in order to reduce the water temperature of the device; its cold is the use of water and air flow in contact with the cold heat exchange to produce steam, steam volatilization to take away heat to achieve convection heat transfer, evaporative heat dissipation and radiation heat transfer and other principles to dissipate the residual heat generated in industry or refrigeration air conditioning to reduce water temperature evaporative cooling device.

Cooling tower system is to use water and air contact, through the evaporation effect to dissipate the waste heat generated in refrigeration or industry and air conditioning of a device. Refrigeration process or industrial production waste heat generated in the process, generally to use cooling water to guide away. From the lake, river, sea and other natural water bodies to draw a certain amount of water as cooling water, cooling process equipment to absorb waste heat to raise the water temperature, and then discharged into the lake, river, sea, this cooling method is called direct cooling. When there is no direct cooling conditions, it is necessary to use the cooling tower to cool. The function of the cooling tower is to carry the waste heat of the cooling water in the tower and the air for heat exchange, so that the waste heat transfer to the air and dissipate into the atmosphere. Water quality is a function of multiple variables, cooling is a multi-factor, multi-variable and multi-effect integrated process.

Splash the water (hot water) that needs to be cooled into water droplets or form a water film many times to increase the contact area and time between water and air, and promote the heat exchange between water and air.

The hot water is evenly distributed to the entire water-sprinkling packing. Whether the hot water is evenly distributed or not has a great influence on the cooling effect. If the water distribution is uneven, it will not only directly reduce the cooling effect, but also cause part of the cooling water droplets to splash and float out of the tower.

In a mechanical draft cooling tower, a fan is used to generate a projected air flow to ensure the required cooling effect.

Utilize air inlets, louvers and wind deflectors to guide the air to be evenly distributed over the entire section of the cooling tower.

The role of the ventilator is to create good aerodynamic conditions, reduce ventilation resistance, and send the hot and humid air discharged from the cooling tower to high altitudes to reduce the return of hot and humid air.

The ventilation tube of the mechanical ventilation cooling tower is also called the fan tube. The ventilation tube of the fan-type natural draft cooling tower plays the role of ventilation and sending hot and humid air to high altitude.

Separate the water droplets carried in the discharged hot and humid air from the air, reducing the loss of escaping water and the impact on the surrounding environment.

The outer enclosure structure of the cooling tower, the tower body of the mechanical ventilation cooling tower and the fan-type natural ventilation cooling tower are closed to support, maintain and organize the appropriate airflow; the tower body of the open cooling tower is made along the height of the tower Open so that natural wind can enter the tower body.

Pool is located at the lower part of the cooling tower to collect the cooling water dropped by the water spray filler, and sometimes the sump has a certain reserve volume to regulate the flow.

The water inlet pipe sends the hot water to the water distribution system, and a valve is set on the water inlet pipe to adjust the water intake of the cooling tower, and the water outlet pipe sends the cooled water to the water equipment or the circulating water pump. Also install supplementary water pipes, sewage pipes, overflow pipes, vent pipes, etc. in the sump, and connect pipes between multiple cooling towers if necessary.

Including access doors, access ladders, walkways, lighting, electrical controls, lightning protection devices, and flight obstacle signs if necessary, etc. Sometimes cooling tower test components are also set for testing.

Different combinations of the above components constitute cooling towers of various forms and uses: open drip cooling towers, duct-type natural ventilation cooling towers, draft (or blast) counter-flow cooling towers, draft cross-flow cooling towers, etc.

1. The foundation should be horizontal and cannot be tilted, and the center line of the cooling tower should be perpendicular to the horizontal plane, otherwise the influence of the distribution will not be as good as that of the motor.

2. For the cooling inlet and outlet pipes above 175t, the support should be adjusted.

3. The circulation inlet and outlet water connections should be connected with shock-absorbing hoses.

4. The blades of the cooling tower fan should be consistent with the tower wall clearance, and the gap between the two sides and the three blades is never allowed to be too large.

1. Whether all the screws are tight and whether there are sundries in the tower.

2. Open the replenishment valve to completely fill the water basin and water pipes, and the water level is 25mm lower than the full water hose.

3. When stopping, stop the fan first and then the water pump.

Although cooling tower is an auxiliary equipment in the air conditioning and refrigeration system, it is responsible for the important task of dissipating the total heat absorbed by the entire system. Therefore, the correct operation of the cooling tower is directly related to the cooling effect and energy saving of the entire air conditioning system. . Since the misoperation of the cooling tower mentioned above is relatively common, and it exists in the whole process from start-up to shutdown, it is extremely harmful and should arouse the great attention of relevant operators and managers.

The correct operation method and requirements of cooling tower are:

(1) The number of cooling towers used matches the number of units that are turned on.

(2) Close the water inlet and outlet valves of cooling tower that does not turn on the fan to prevent the cooling water from flowing through the tower that is not in use.

(3) For cooling tower fan that is temporarily added, after turning off the fan, do not forget to close the water inlet and outlet valves of the tower,

(4) Check the operation of cooling tower after each shift. It was found that cooling water passed through the cooling tower without the fan turned on. It is necessary to close the water inlet and outlet valves of the tower in time, and adjust the water level of the water tray to adjust the condenser, evaporator, and screw chiller of the air conditioning system. The refrigeration process is actually a heat exchange process. The heat exchange of the chiller is more complicated than that of the window type, split type, and cabinet type air conditioners. The former is indirect cooling, and the latter is direct cooling.

The maintenance process of cooling tower is divided into three stages, that is, cleaning and maintenance after shutdown, inspection and debugging before startup, and patrol inspection during official startup.

① Check the main water pipes, water distribution pipes and nozzles of the cooling tower for damage and looseness, and repair and fix them in time. Thoroughly remove the dirt inside the water distribution pipe and the nozzle to ensure the smooth flow of the water pipe and the uniform water distribution of the nozzle.

② Thoroughly flush the cooling tower water pan and outlet water filter screen cover to avoid the accumulation of scale and dirt to block the pipes. After cleaning, the drain valve should be opened to drain the accumulated water in the water tray to avoid freezing.

③ Check whether the water tray and the tower foot are leaking, and if there is a leak, make up the glue in time.

① Clean all the heat exchange materials (fillers) of the cooling tower, thoroughly remove the scale and dirt on the surface of the heat materials and between the holes, and ensure the cleanliness of the heat exchange materials. Repair and replace the heat exchange material when it is disassembled. When filling, pay attention to the tight layout without leaving gaps.

② Clean the water curtain and noise-absorbing blanket to remove dirt. Repair and replace damaged areas. When stacking the water curtain, it is required to be tight to prevent drifting. Fill the cooling tower with water, check for water leaks (especially at the tower joints), and replace the seals if leaking.

① Motor: Check whether the connection terminals of the motor are in good condition, whether the motor rotates normally, the motor wire box is sealed, the motor bearing is lubricated, and the motor shell is repainted. For long-term shutdown, it is recommended that the owner run the motor for at least 3 hours a month, keep the motor coil dry, and lubricate the bearing surface.

② Belt and pulley: Adjust the top wire to loosen the belt to prolong the service life of the belt. Check whether the belt is damaged or cracked, and recommend the owner to replace it with a new one if necessary. Check the levelness of pulley and motor frame, tighten loose bolts, and replace rusted bolts.

① Thoroughly clean the air trunk, tower, and air inlet guide plate to ensure a clean and beautiful appearance.

② Retighten the bolts of each part and replace the rusted bolts.

③ Check the appearance of the tower body for damage and cracks, and repair it in time.

④ Check whether the standing seam of the tower body wall is tight, and re-glue to repair if necessary.

① Check the automatic water replenishment device - whether the floating ball is damaged or not, and whether it works normally. If abnormalities are found, repair and replace them in time.

② Retighten the bolts of the iron parts of the cooling tower, replace the rusted bolts, and repaint the rusted iron parts.

③ Check the water inlet and outlet pipes, and whether the flange of the tower body of the water supply pipe is damaged, leaks, and the cooling tower is cleaned and maintained. It is recommended that the owner wrap and seal the cooling tower air trunk with colored strips to prevent debris from entering the cooling tower.

① Remove the cover of the air trunk, adjust the top wire, and adjust the tightness of the belt.

② Carefully check whether the motor and reducer of the cooling tower transmission system are running normally.

③ Check and clean the dirt on the cooling tower water pan and filter, drain the water to check the airtightness of the water pan and tower foot, adjust the position of the floating ball to make the water level of the water pan meet the use requirements.

④ Adjust the fan blade angle and measure the motor current to make it reach the best working condition standard.

① Regularly inspect the cooling towers in operation, solicit opinions from users, and understand the usage of cooling towers.

② Carefully check the running conditions of the motor, reducer and other transmission devices. Check the actual working condition of the water distribution system.

③ If a fault is found, deal with it immediately.

① Before operation, operation and operation, the operation and maintenance manual must be read, and please abide by the prohibited items and operation essentials.

② Never enter the cooling tower during operation.

③ Never touch the blower when it is likely to be in operation.

④ The antifreeze electric heater will generate heat, please do not touch it with your hands.

⑤ Please do not drink the water from the cooling tower, and rinse immediately if it gets into your eyes. After operation, please rinse your mouth and wash your hands.

⑥ There are warning stickers and attention stickers attached to each part of the tower body, please follow the content recorded on the stickers.

The waste heat generated in industrial production or refrigeration process is generally guided away by cooling tower.

For example: in a thermal power plant, the boiler heats water into high-temperature and high-pressure steam, drives the steam turbine to do work to make the generator generate electricity, and the exhaust steam after the work done by the steam turbine is discharged into the condenser, where it exchanges heat with cooling water and condenses into water, which is then pumped back to the boiler for recycling.

Cooling tower is usually selected according to its cooling capacity. The circulating water volume of the cooling tower in the air-conditioning refrigeration system is determined by the cooling capacity of the refrigerator and the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of cooling water. That is, the inlet water temperature is 37°C, the outlet water temperature is 32°C, and the wet bulb temperature is 28°C.

When the wet bulb temperature in the area where cooling tower is located is not a standard working condition, and the inlet and outlet water temperature also changes, its approximation degree (approximation degree is the difference between the outlet water temperature and the wet bulb temperature) will also change. For example, in the Beijing area, the wet bulb temperature is 26.4°C, the inlet water temperature is 35°C, and the outlet water temperature is 29.5°C, and the approximation degree is 3°C.

The degree of approximation directly affects the cooling capacity of cooling tower. The smaller the degree of approximation, the smaller the cooling capacity; conversely, the greater the degree of approximation, the greater the cooling capacity. The standard type 100 water ton cooling tower can cool 100 tons of water when the approach degree is 4 degrees. When the approach degree is 3 degrees, it can only cool 85 tons of water. When cooling 100 tons of water, the cooling tower must choose the standard type 125 ton cooling tower.

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